GENITIVE
There are a few rules you need to follow in order to get the genitive form for a word.
Mainly you need to check the ending of the word and in some cases try to guess if the word
is from old Finnish or a borrowed one. Also don’t forget to make any consonant changesand vowel harmony necessary.
BASIC FORM STRONG, GENETIVE WEAK
- “-a”, “-o”, “-u”, “-y”, “-ä”, “-ö”In this case you only need to add a “-n” at the end of the word. Some examples are:
Mainly you need to check the ending of the word and in some cases try to guess if the word
is from old Finnish or a borrowed one. Also don’t forget to make any consonant changesand vowel harmony necessary.
BASIC FORM STRONG, GENETIVE WEAK
- “-a”, “-o”, “-u”, “-y”, “-ä”, “-ö”In this case you only need to add a “-n” at the end of the word. Some examples are:
Talo – Talon Vessa – Vessan Aurinko – Auringon Kampa – Kamman
- “-i” for borrowed words from other languages
In this case, as above, you only need to add a “ -n” at the end of the word. Some
examples are: Bussi – Bussin Tomaatti – Tomaatin Äiti – Aidin Paperi - Paperin
- “-i”
In this case you need to change the last “ -i” for and “-e” and also add a “-n” at the
end of the word. Some examples are:
- “-si”
Here is very similar to the previous case, but change the “-si” for a “-de” and add a
“-n” at the end of the word. Some examples are:
Vuosi – Vuoden
Vesi – Veden Susi – Suden
- “-e”For the last case in this section the procedure is to repeat the “e” and add the “-n” at
the end. Some examples are: Huone – Huoneen
- “-us”, “-ys”, “-os”
The change for these endings is a little bit different, becoming “-uksen”, “-yksen”
and “-oksen”. Some examples are: Kerros – Kerrosken Tutkimus – Tutkimuksen Mainos - Mainoksen
- “-as”
For the words ending in “-as”, the genitive form changes the last part to “-aan”. You
must notice that here you make the consonant change to get a strong one. Some
examples are:
Rakas – Rakkaan Rikas – Rikkaan Lounas - Lounaan
- “-si”
Here is very similar to the previous case, but change the “-si” for a “-de” and add a
“-n” at the end of the word. Some examples are: Vuosi – Vuoden Vesi – Veden Susi – Suden Sairas - Sairaan
- “-in”
In this case you only need to change it for a “-imen” at the end of the word. As in
the previo us case check the consonant change. Some examples are: Paahdin – Paahtimen Puhelin – Puhelimen Laskin - Laskimen
- “-is”For this ending the changes goes from “-is” to “-iin”. Some examples are: Kaunis – Kauniin Kallis – Kalliin Valmis – Valmiin
- “-e”For the last case in this section the procedure is to repeat the “e” and add the “-n” at
the end. Some examples are: Huone – Huoneen
Perhe – Perheen Kirje - Kirjeen
CONSONANT AT THE END OF THE WORD
- “-nen”For the “-nen” case, the ending changes to “-sen”. Some examples are: Nainen – Naisen Espanjalainen – Espanjalaisen Sininen - Sinisen- “-us”, “-ys”, “-os”
The change for these endings is a little bit different, becoming “-uksen”, “-yksen”
and “-oksen”. Some examples are: Kerros – Kerrosken Tutkimus – Tutkimuksen Mainos - Mainoksen
- “-as”
For the words ending in “-as”, the genitive form changes the last part to “-aan”. You
must notice that here you make the consonant change to get a strong one. Some
examples are:
Rakas – Rakkaan Rikas – Rikkaan Lounas - Lounaan
- “-si”
Here is very similar to the previous case, but change the “-si” for a “-de” and add a
“-n” at the end of the word. Some examples are: Vuosi – Vuoden Vesi – Veden Susi – Suden Sairas - Sairaan
- “-in”
In this case you only need to change it for a “-imen” at the end of the word. As in
the previo us case check the consonant change. Some examples are: Paahdin – Paahtimen Puhelin – Puhelimen Laskin - Laskimen
- “-is”For this ending the changes goes from “-is” to “-iin”. Some examples are: Kaunis – Kauniin Kallis – Kalliin Valmis – Valmiin
Next Lesson will be "
PLURAL "
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article source : ( Finnish for Beginners GRAMMAR ) Book
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